History, Prophecy, and the Monuments: Or, Israel and the Nations – An Epic Chronicle of Divine Revelation, Ancient Empires, and Archaeological Keys to Humanity’s Sacred Past, by James Frederick McCurdy, Ph.D., LL.D., Prof. of Oriental Lang. - 3 Vol. (2025)

1901, New York : The MacMillan Company + Londons MacMillan Co. LTD + the New Alexandria Library of Texas - Vol. 1 - 1894 , vol. 2 1896 , vol 3 -1901

Another fascinating Text added to the New Alexandria Lina is a comprehensive three-volume work that integrates archaeological findings, historical records, and biblical prophecy. Spanning over 1,400 pages, McCurdy examines the history of ancient Israel in relation to neighboring empires such as Assyria and Babylon, offering a profound analysis of the intersection between sacred texts and material culture. Drawing on McCurdy's expertise in oriental languages, the book provides critical insights into ancient religious practices, prophecies, and the historical context of Israel and its interactions with surrounding civilizations.Tags -Ancient Prophecies, Biblical Archaeology, Israel’s Neighbors, Historical Analysis, Cultural Heritage, Assyrian Invasions, Temple of Solomon, Sumerian Religion, Cultural Diffusion, Ancient Israelite Society, Archaeological Excavations, Prophetical Writings, Historical Validation, Ancient Textual Criticism, Divine Prophecies, Sacred Practices, Hebrew Traditions, Old Testament Prophets, Ancient Diplomacy, Exodus Narrative, Holy Land, Ziggurats, Prophetic Visions, Ancient Prophets, Epic of Gilgamesh, Baal Worship, Middle Eastern Empires, Divine Intervention, Hebrew Kingdoms, Israelite Monarchy, Exilic Prophecies, God’s Covenant, Cultural Synthesis, Sacred Relics, Judaism and Other Faiths, Ancient Records, Biblical Relevance, Historical Monuments, Archaeological Revelations, Prophetic Fulfillment, Religious Conflict, Ancient Texts, Sacred Scrolls, Political Power and Religion, Biblical Interpretation, Temple Mount, Myth and History, Biblical Kings, Archaeological Findings, Ancient Palaces, Israel's Influence, Sacred Relics, Divine Lawgiver, Egyptian Influence, Political Theology, Ancient Rites, Biblical Validation, Mesopotamian Texts, Jerusalem’s History, Pre-exilic Israel, Prophetic Literature, Historical Context of the Bible, Jericho Excavations, Babylonian Conquests, Hebrew Inscriptions, Ancient Hebrew Bible, Exodus Accounts, Ancient Cultures, Historical Origins, Cultural Memory, Archaeological Theory, Hebrew Artifacts, Royal Annals, Lost Civilizations, Ancient Textual Analysis, Scriptural Truths, Prophetic Accuracy, Mesopotamian Civilizations, Religious Monuments, Sacred Writings, Hebrew Archaeology, Ancient Warfare, Middle Eastern Religion, Prophecy in Ancient Texts, Assyrian Chronicles, Jewish History, Prophetic Messages, Divine Deliverance, Sacred Geography, Archaeological Interpretation, Biblical Geography, Sacred Scriptures, Ancient Israel’s Neighbors, Religious Monotheism, Sumerian Texts, Social Structure in Ancient Israel, Scriptural Archaeology, Divine Providence, Historical Verification, Monarchic Period, Archaeological Dating, Historical Methodology, Sacred Land of Israel, Monuments of the Ancient World, Divine and Human Affairs, Ancient Hebrew Prophecies, Temple of Jerusalem, Sacred Mountains, Hellenistic Influence on Israel, Mesopotamian Artifacts, Cultural Evolution, Prophecies of Judgment, Kings and Prophets, Assyrian and Israelite Interactions, Ancient Wisdom Literature, Near Eastern Chronology.Ancient Near Eastern Texts, Divine History, Cultural Memory of Israel, Hebrew Prophetic Insights, Pre-Christian Prophecy, Historical Israel, Religious Law in Israel, Assyrian Records, Babylonian Textual Evidence, Israel’s Cultural Legacy, Syrian Archaeology, Ancient Israelite Texts, Historical Confirmation, Phoenician Influence, Ancient Hebrew Rituals, Jerusalem’s Sacred Role, Prophets of Ancient Israel, Judah and Israel, Cultural Interactions in Antiquity, God’s Intervention in History, Ancient Royalty, Textual Evidence from the Bible, Israel’s Theological Influence, Transcultural Studies, Historical Chronology, Archaeological Sites in Israel, Hebrew Language Studies, Sacred Narratives, Biblical Archaeological Sites, Ancient Kings of Israel, Judeo-Christian Archaeology, Prophetic Messages in Israel, Archaeological Context of Prophecy, Ancient Ritual Objects, Faith and Archaeology, Monuments of the Past, Hebrew Monotheism, Babylonian Captivity and Exile, The Lost Ten Tribes, Israelite Syncretism, Biblical Geography in Archaeology, Hebrew Bible Analysis, Sumerian Influences on Israel, Royal Prophecies, Scriptural Validation through Archaeology, Twelve Tribes of Israel, Prophetic Fulfillment in History, Ancient History of Jerusalem, Divine Revelation in Prophecy, Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles, Hebrew Kingdoms and Empires, Biblical Archaeological Evidence, Sacred and Secular History, Archaeology of the Holy Land, History of Ancient Israelite Worship, Ancient Israel and Egypt, Philistine Archaeology, Dead Sea Scrolls Influence, Ancient Kings of Judah, Persian Influence on Israel, Archaeological Methods in Biblical Studies, Judaism in Antiquity, Hebrew Scriptures and Society, Chronicles of Ancient Israel, Prophets and Their Prophecies, Ancient Texts and Archaeology, Theology of Ancient Israel, Assyrian and Israeli Relations, Israel’s Sacred History, Historical Prophecies in the Bible, Divine Messengers in Israel, The Hebrew Exodus, Prophetic Traditions in Israel, Hittite Culture and Israel, Ancient Israelite Law Codes, Social Structure in Ancient Israel, Israel’s Interaction with Egypt, Ancient Israelite Temples, Monumental Archaeology, Hebrew and Assyrian Inscriptions, The Prophetic Tradition, Israel’s Foreign Relations, Jerusalem in Ancient Times, The Role of Prophets in Israel, Chronological History of Israel, The Role of the Temple in Israel, Hebrew Religious Beliefs, Cultural Syncretism in Ancient Israel, Early Jewish History, King David’s Influence, The Reign of King Solomon, Israel’s Ancient Economy, Divine Commandments, Temple of Solomon in Archaeology, Historical Theology in Israel, Ancient Israel’s Impact on Christianity, Hebrew Religious Practices, Prophecy and Sacred History, Historical Monuments of Israel, Pre-Exilic Israel, Messianic Prophecies, Scriptural Archaeological Evidence, Judaism and Ancient Empires, Biblical Kings and Kingdoms, Israel and the Philistines, Prophetic Messages from Israel, Theological Insights from Prophecy, Historical Interpretation of Prophecy, Archaeological Proof of Biblical Events, Ancient Hebrew Culture, Religion and Power in Israel, Historical Significance of Prophecy.Ancient Middle East, Archaeological Insights, Israel and Babylon, Assyrian Conquests, Judah and Israelite Prophets, Ancient Religious Artifacts, Holy Land Archaeology, Hebrew and Greek Texts, Hittite Textual Evidence, Historical Prophecies, Israelite Exile, Ancient Empire Dynamics, Prophetic Fulfillment in History, Old Testament Chronology, Ancient Monuments of Israel, Divine Judgments in Scripture, Ancient Historical Validation, Israel’s Role in World History, Semitic Language Studies, Biblical Geography and History, Ancient Jewish Rituals, Canaanite Influences, Ancient Sacred Sites, Biblical Prophecy and Archaeology, Mesopotamian Culture, Early Israelite Society, History of Prophecy, Ancient Israel and Assyria, Prophecy and Divine Revelation, Divine Justice in Ancient Israel, Biblical Kingdoms, Ancient Israel’s Kings, Zoroastrianism and Israel, Ancient Ritual Practices, Divine Sovereignty in History, Israelite Culture and Civilization, The Prophetic Role in Ancient Israel, Sumerian and Hebrew Connections, Archaeological Excavations of Israel, The History of Jerusalem, Cultural Interactions between Israel and Egypt, The Impact of Assyrian Empire on Israel, Biblical Teachings of Prophecy, Ancient Hebrew Writings, Divine Prophetic Predictions, Judah and its Prophets, Assyrian Invasions and Impact on Israel, Ancient Jewish Monarchy, Historical Verification of Prophecies, Sacred History of Israel, Nehemiah and Ezra in Archaeology, Mesopotamian Empires and Israel, Exilic Prophetic Literature, Israelite and Egyptian Relations, The Role of Hebrew Prophets, Prophetic Symbols in Israel, Archaeology of the Ancient Temple, Assyrian Chronicles and Israel, Pre-Exilic Biblical Records, Ancient Israel’s Political Structure, Theology and Archaeology of Israel, Hebrew Scriptures in Historical Context, Biblical Archaeological Discoveries, Divine Kingship in Ancient Israel, The Role of Ancient Prophets, Royal Inscriptions in Israel, Jewish Prophetic Texts, Ancient History of the Hebrew Bible, Sacred and Secular Records, Archaeological Proof of Ancient Israel, History of the Hebrew Prophets, Cultural Influence of Ancient Israel, Israel and the Near East, Historical Methods in Biblical Studies, Sacred Kingship in Ancient Israel, Archaeological Evidence of Biblical Events, Ancient Israel and Sumer, The Prophetic Message of Israel, Ancient Textual Analysis, Archaeological Study of Ancient Prophecies, Cultural Evolution in Ancient Israel, Israel’s Sacred Monuments, Israel’s Exile and Restoration, Historical Monuments in Israel, Hebrew Bible and Archaeology, The Influence of the Ancient Kings, Assyrian Influence on Israel, Archaeological Chronology of Ancient Israel, Temple Worship and Archaeology, The Sacred Geography of Israel, Biblical Kings and Prophets, Religious Practices in Ancient Israel, Historical Prophecies and Fulfillment, Israel and its Monuments, Biblical Studies and Archaeology, Ancient Israel and the Prophets, The Role of Historical Validation, Ancient Israel’s Sacred Texts, Hebrew Religious Practices, The Historical Context of Prophecy, Archaeological Exploration of Israel, Theological Insights from Archaeology, The Role of Historical Documents in Prophecy, Archaeological Discoveries in the Holy Land, The Intersection of Religion and History, Prophecies of the Ancient Israelites, Israel’s Role in Ancient Civilizations, Sacred History and Archaeological Evidence, Ancient Cultures of Israel, The Biblical Land of Israel, Israelite Wisdom Literature, The History of Ancient Prophets, Prophecy in Israel and Neighboring Cultures, The Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Historical Prophetic Traditions, The Culture of Ancient Hebrew Prophets, The Role of Inscriptions in Israel’s Histor...

The Bible And The Monuments - The Primitive Hebrew Records in the Light of Modern Research.W.St.Chad Boscawen -Ancient history Ft. Hosts of Heaven ,Celestial Orbs, Tel el-Amarna Tablets , Creation Legends—War in Heaven -Eden- on Serpent/Cherubim +Magic Metal-Working to Deluge to Christianity (A-GEM)

Eyre and Spottiswoode - Her Magisterys Printers, London—Great New Street , Fleet Street , E.C. Edinburgh, Glasgow- Melbourne - Sydney & New York-, 1895

CHAPTER I. The Hebrew and Assyrian Languages. Cuneiform writing—Phoenician culture—The home of the Semites—Early inscriptions—Sargon I., B.C. 3800—Legend of Sargon—Early trade and commerce—Hebrew and Assyrian languages—Primitive family names—Linguistic affinities—A curious piece of monumental evidence—Animal names—Royal names—Relationship of Assyrian to Hebrew—A royal prayer—India House inscription—Nebuchadnezzar’s prayer—Hebrews in Chaldea. Page 17-36 CHAPTER II. The Creation Legends. Discovery of the tablets—Assyrian libraries—Arrangement of the tablets—An epic poem—Comparative table—Birth of the gods—The Divine Word—The Deep—The Hosts of Heaven—Babylonian Trinity—The Fifth Tablet—Celestial Orbs—A curious and striking parallel—Chaldean year—Babylonian Calendar and the Zodiac—Signs of the Zodiac—Seasons of the year—Festivals of the Sun-god—Babylonian Passover Feast—Moon worship—Religions of Nomad and Agriculturist—Dew and the rain—Hymns to the Moon-god of Ur—Hymns to the Sun-god—Reversal of the Hebrew order—The Gates of the Sun—Sinai and the Moon-god Sin—Feast of the New Moon—Divisions of the month—The Sabbath day—Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath day?—The Sun to rule by day—Creation of Man—He shall have dominion—Creation of Woman—Origin of the tablets—Compilation—Tel el-Amarna Tablets—Older Creation Legends—The Creation Legend of Eridu—Bel-Merodach as the Creator—Foundations of Assur—Gods and their sacred animals—A remarkable parallel—Legend of Kutha—Creation of evil—Chaldean Theologians. Page 37-84 CHAPTER III. The Serpent and the Fall. War in Heaven—The enemy of the gods—The Serpent and magic—Temptation and the Fall—The Kerubim in Eden. Page 85-90 CHAPTER IV. The Beginning of Civilization. Cain and Abel—The land of Nod—Primitive Cities—Oannes the Fish-god—The harp and the organ—Metal working—The Fire Stick—Early bronze casting—Workers in iron in Palestine—Stories of the Shepherd and Gardener—Language and race—Foundation ceremonies—The position of women—Peaceful character—Sacred statues—General features. Page 91-108 CHAPTER V. -The Deluge. The story’s place in the Epic—Preservation of the Chaldean Noah—Names of the Sage—A bilingual tablet—Comparative tablet (Chaldean and Hebrew)—Building of the Ark—Warning of the Deluge—Trying the Ark—Storing the Ark—Commencement of the Deluge—Entering the Ark—The great Deluge—Destruction of every living thing—Resting on the Mountain—Sending forth the dove—The swallow and the raven—The Sacrifice and the rainbow—Appeasing of Bel—No more Deluge—The everlasting Covenant—Tradition of Berossos—Comparison with Biblical narrative—Deluge a punishment for sin—The Trinity of destruction—The ship of Ea and the Ark—Provisioning the Ark—The Month of the Curse of Rain—Hymns of the Storm-gods—Resting-place of the Ark—The mountain not Ararat—Sending forth of the birds—The Bow of the Covenant—Translation of Samas-Napisti—Noah, Samas-Napisti, and Xisuthrus. Page 109-144 CHAPTER VI. The Grave and the Future State. The Book of the Dead"—Magicians and Sorcerers—Man and Nature—The Soul and Death—Ghosts and vampires—The chief ones of the earth—Mountain of the congregation—Sheol—The City of Death—Ruler of the Great City—The Bride of the Pit—The Land of No-Return—Naked and Bare—The Waters of Life—Weeping for Tammuz—Ah, my brother! Ah, sister!—Shadow of death—The worm enters—A place of punishment?—Immortality—Primitive ideas of Heaven—Pastoral Heaven—The Heaven of Anu—Guardians of Heaven—The food of life—The Robe of brightness—The Hebrew and Christian Heaven—Conclusion. Page 145-177 Abstract: - "The Bible and the Monuments: The Primitive Hebrew Records in the Light of Modern Research" by W. St. Chad Boscawen offers a comprehensive exploration of the intersections between the ancient Near Eastern cultures and the Hebrew Bible. This work delves into the rich tapestry of ancient records, drawing connections between biblical texts and the broader ancient world, including the Cuneiform inscriptions from Mesopotamia, Egyptian hieroglyphics, and esoteric traditions. By analyzing the similarities and differences among these diverse sources, Boscawen sheds light on the shared myths, religious practices, and cultural narratives that permeated the ancient Near East. The author meticulously examines the parallels between the Genesis creation narratives and the Babylonian Enuma Elish, emphasizing the role of myth in shaping cultural identity and religious thought. The comparison extends to the flood stories found in both the Bible and the Epic of Gilgamesh, highlighting the motif of divine judgment and redemption prevalent across these civilizations. Boscawen also explores the influence of Egyptian cosmology and theology, particularly in the wisdom literature and prophetic traditions of the Hebrew Bible, suggesting a cross-pollination of ideas and beliefs during periods of contact and conquest. This book aka rare writing i may add also talks about esoteric texts and traditions that emerged during the Second Temple period, including the apocalyptic literature and the Dead Sea Scrolls. Boscawen argues that these writings reflect a complex interplay of Hebrew, Mesopotamian, and Egyptian influences, as well as a growing interest in angelology, demonology, and the afterlife. He posits that the intertestamental period was a time of intense theological development, marked by a synthesis of traditional Jewish beliefs with the mystical and esoteric elements found in neighboring cultures. In addition to exploring the theological dimensions, Boscawen considers the socio-political context of the biblical narratives. He investigates the role of monumental inscriptions and royal decrees in shaping the historical consciousness of the Hebrew people, drawing parallels with similar practices in Assyria and Egypt. The book also examines the use of legal codes and covenants, comparing the Mosaic Law with the Code of Hammurabi and other ancient legal traditions. "The Bible and the Monuments" offers a holistic view of the ancient world, emphasizing the interconnectedness of its various cultures and their shared human experiences. Boscawen's work not only enriches our understanding of the Bible as a historical and literary document but also invites readers to appreciate the complex cultural and religious milieu that gave rise to these ancient texts. By situating the Hebrew Bible within the broader framework of Near Eastern mythology, history, and esotericism, the book is simply a great read and with a natural perspective on the development of religious thought and the enduring quest for meaning in the ancient world and on a side note : this libary as a whole another one on the shelf here at the " New Alexandria Library of Texas " I have a full Archive list on my profile and this is 1 of many works like this that no one in our age have heard of from authors to books you would never knew existed unless your you are specifically a certain kind of Scholar to Specialist/College Researcher to even be looking extremely deep to find some of these books some have inherited them other Gave aways or found people look for Gold and disregard the Gold one can get from Wisdom from a book simply making one more versed and strengthens one's Knowledge to be able use in Giving and Loving your Neighbor (online or real life) this same book if you see fit (yout choice) -Blessings- And- Bible, Monuments, Hebrew, Cuneiform, Egyptian, Esoteric, Mythology, Second Temple, Ancient Near East, Comparative Religion, Archeology, Sumerian, Assyrian, Babylonian, Creation Myths, Epic of Gilgamesh, Enuma Elish, Flood Narrative, Divine Judgment, Redemption, Cosmology, Theology, Wisdom Literature, Prophecy, Dead Sea Scrolls, Apocalyptic Literature, Angelology, Demonology, Afterlife, Intertestamental Period, Legal Codes, Mosaic Law, Code of Hammurabi, Royal Inscriptions, Divine Kingship, Temple Worship, Anu, Ishtar, Marduk, Baal, Astarte, Ea, Anunnaki, Nephilim, Sheol, Zoroastrianism, Mithraism, Osiris, Horus, Ra, Isis, Set, Thoth, Amulet, Oracle, Prophecy Fulfilled, Sacred Texts, Sacred Geometry, Zodiac, Astrology, Altar, Tabernacle, Ark, High Priest, Sacrificial Rituals, Priestly Order, Levitical Law, Theocracy, Ancient Law Codes, Holy City, Jerusalem, The Exodus, Promised Land, Covenant, Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Ruth, Samuel, Kings, Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther, Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi, Pentateuch, Torah, Historical Books, Wisdom Books, Major Prophets, Minor Prophets, Septuagint, Masoretic Text, Talmud, Mishnah, Midrash, Targum, Apocrypha, Pseudepigrapha, Qumran Scrolls, Essenes, Pharisees, Sadducees, Zealots, Herodians, Samaritan Pentateuch, Temple Scroll, Book of Jubilees, Book of Enoch, Apocalypse of Abraham, Assumption of Moses, Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs, Testaments of the Twelve Tribes, Damascus Document, War Scroll, Copper Scroll, Temple Mount, Holy of Holies, Ark of the Covenant, Cherubim, Seraphim, Metatron, Leviathan, Behemoth, Lilith, Azazel, Samael, Uriel, Raphael, Gabriel, Michael, Chariot Vision, Merkavah Mysticism, Hekhalot Literature, Sefer Yetzirah, Sefer HaBahir, Zohar, Kabbalah, Mystical Ascent, Divine Chariot, Divine Throne, Angels, Demons, Neoplatonism, Gnosticism, Christian Mysticism, Jewish Mysticism, Mystical Union, Divine Vision, Prayer, Meditation, Asceticism, Purification, Divine Names, Sacred Numbers, Astrology, Numerology, Magic, Incantations, Divination, Alchemy, Hermeticism, Hermetica, Corpus Hermeticum, Gnostic Gospels, Gospel of Thomas, Gospel of Mary, Gospel of Judas, Nag Hammadi Library, Dead Sea Sect, Solar Worship, Lunar Worship, Fertility Cults, Agricultural Festivals, Harvest Rituals, Lunar Calendar, Solar Calendar, Zodiac Signs, Constellations, Star Worship, Planetary Deities, Sun God, Moon God,...

Near Eastern Archaeology Special Issue: The Rise of Ancient Israel

Between the Biblical Story and History: Writing an Archaeological History of Ancient Israel (as accepted)

The Ancient Israelite World, 2023

Until about 25 years ago, the history of ancient Israel was largely based on a critical reading of the biblical narrative. Although parts of the narrative were agreed to be non-historical, and some were disputed, the major components of the story – from the tribal social organization of the period of the Judges onward – were seen as mostly historical. The minimalists challenge of the 1990s and the subsequent debates had a major impact on the discipline, and altered the discourse, leading to the separation of the literary, biblical Israel, from the historical Israel. At the heart of this development is the relationship between the biblical text and archaeological record, and in particular, the degree of historicity contained in the former and the way in which the latter mirrors specific sociocultural realities. The present chapter will not only provide a synthesis of this debate, but it will provide evidence for the historicity or non-historicity of specific biblical “histories.” The first part of the paper will outline the development of scholarship, and how the distinction between “biblical Israel” and “historical Israel” came into being. This will be followed by an examination of the historical epochs that are currently debated, including a review of the implications of these developments on the growing role of archaeology in reconstructing Israel’s history. The main part of the article will briefly review the history of ancient Israel as it stands today – what is regarded as historical, what is viewed as a-historical, and what is debated – and will offer outlines to this history. The final part of the chapter will offer new directions for biblical archaeology, and new ways to integrate texts and artifacts in reconstructing the history of ancient Israel in its broadest sense.

Explorations in BIBLE LANDS :Archaeology ,History ,Geography + Knowledge of forgotten Places in Mesopotamia, Palestine, Egypt, Arabia+ of ancient cities like Nineveh and Babylon ,Khorsabad, Nimrud,Nippur, to Jerusalem west to Memphis,The Delta+Thebes -H. V. HIilprecht Prof. of Assyriology -958 pg's

Philadelphia: A.J. Holman and Company , 1903

This rare almost forgotten about and almost 1000 page book is a seminal work that brings together detailed accounts of archaeological expeditions and scholarly research conducted in regions linked to biblical history. The book, published in 1903, reflects the growing interest in understanding the ancient Near East through archaeology and its relevance to biblical studies. The work offers insights into the excavation sites of Mesopotamia, Palestine, Egypt, Arabia, and the lands once inhabited by the Hittites. Abstract The book is organized into sections based on geographic regions and archaeological findings, with each section authored by a leading scholar of the time, such as H. V. Hilprecht, J. Benzinger, Georg Steindorff, and Fritz Hommel. Their contributions reveal the cultural and historical context of these Bible lands, presenting readers with a comprehensive view of the 19th-century discoveries and their significance to biblical scholarship. • The Rediscovery of Assyria and Babylonia This section recounts the rediscovery of ancient cities such as Nineveh and Babylon, with descriptions of the excavations that uncovered Assyrian palaces, administrative centers, and religious artifacts. Scholars trace the historical roots of Assyrian and Babylonian civilizations and explore their influence on biblical narratives. Particular focus is given to discoveries by key figures such as Layard, Rassam, and Botta, who helped reconstruct the ancient history of these civilizations. • Exploration and Surveying in the 19th Century This part of the book highlights the work of pioneering explorers who mapped and documented the Mesopotamian landscape. Explorers like Claudius James Rich and Sir Robert Ker Porter laid the groundwork for later archaeological expeditions by producing some of the earliest detailed surveys of the region. Their work provided valuable topographical data and inspired further exploration into the origins of Bible lands. • Excavations at Principal Assyrian and Babylonian Sites The book’s central section covers various excavation projects at major sites across Assyria and Babylonia, including Khorsabad, Nimrud, and Babylon. With a focus on the contributions of French, British, German, American, and Turkish teams, this section illustrates how international cooperation (and rivalry) drove significant discoveries. The American-led excavation at Nippur, overseen by Hilprecht himself, is especially notable for its extensive collection of cuneiform tablets that revealed information on ancient law, religion, and daily life. • Researches in Palestine The focus then shifts to Palestine, where scholars analyzed the topography, conducted geographical surveys, and explored Jerusalem and its surrounding areas. This section presents findings that offer insights into the region’s historical and religious significance, particularly through archaeological discoveries tied to biblical events and figures. • Excavations in Egypt Egypt’s archaeological wealth is explored, with attention to famous sites like the Pyramids of Memphis, the Delta, and Thebes. The book describes how discoveries at these sites, including tombs, temples, and other relics, provided a window into ancient Egyptian civilization and its connections to biblical history. Special emphasis is placed on the methods and results of the excavations, which revealed insights into both the Old and New Kingdoms of Egypt. • Explorations in Arabia This section discusses the historical exploration of Arabia and the importance of South Arabian inscriptions. It also explores the relationship between Arabian history and the Old Testament, with a focus on inscriptions that reflect ancient Arabian society, trade networks, and religious practices. • The So-Called Hittites and their Inscriptions The final section deals with the enigmatic Hittites, a group mentioned in the Bible but poorly understood until the late 19th century. The book examines archaeological discoveries that uncovered Hittite inscriptions, allowing scholars to better understand their language, culture, and connections to the ancient Near East. Summary Explorations in Bible Lands During the 19th Century is a pioneering work that connects archaeology and biblical studies, shedding light on how ancient artifacts and historical records reveal the lives and beliefs of past civilizations. Through careful analysis of excavations, the book provides a broader understanding of how these findings correlate with the Bible, offering scholars and readers a unique perspective on the cultural and religious landscapes of the ancient Near East. This work remains a valuable resource for anyone interested in the intersection of archaeology and biblical history. Tags related to book- 19th-century archaeology, Bible lands exploration, Assyria and Babylonia, ancient Nineveh, rediscovering Babylon, Mesopotamian excavations, Assyrian palaces, Khorsabad site, French archaeology, Assyrian empire, cuneiform tablets, Nimrud discoveries, Layard excavations, British archaeology, Babylonian temples, Ziggurats, ancient Sumer, cultural heritage, biblical archaeology, ancient cities, J. S. Buckingham, Nineveh excavation, Mesopotamian culture, Euphrates exploration, Claudius Rich, historical survey, Sir Robert Porter, Ottoman Empire, Euphrates River, Middle East, Near East, Captain Mignan, Lynch expedition, Colonel Chesney, Nineteenth-century explorers, G. Bailie Fraser, James Felix Jones, early surveyors, archaeological records, Assyrian history, rediscovering the past, religious history, cuneiform decipherment, Old Testament, ancient Assyria, archaeological findings, Mesopotamian art, Assyrian artifacts, Babylonian history, Sumerian civilization, Middle Eastern history, Nippur site, religious artifacts, Assyrian temples, historical texts, early civilizations, Bible narratives, ancient records, William Loftus, public interest revival, Sir Henry Rawlinson, Hormuzd Rassam, Persian Gulf, antiquities, 19th-century explorers, Botta and Place, cuneiform studies, Old Babylon, Sumerian tablets, biblical context, Mesopotamian culture, historical discoveries, Mesopotamian inscriptions, British Museum, French expedition, Oppert's work, cuneiform inscriptions, rediscovered cities, ancient languages, Assyrian myths, William Kennett Loftus, Persian Empire, Old Testament archaeology, American excavations, Turkish excavations, ancient empires, European archaeologists, cultural heritage preservation, Dr. Hilprecht, ancient Assyria, Mesopotamian ziggurats, Bible history, ancient religion, cultural research, ancient manuscripts, Assyrian relics, Nineveh art, biblical significance, historical evidence, scientific discovery, excavating Babylon, American researchers, Sumerian myths, religious research, historical survey, colonial explorers, British expeditions, ancient artifacts, ancient temples, Near Eastern studies, biblical scholars, 19th-century excavations, Persian studies, historical scholarship, old world civilizations, ancient tombs, cuneiform languages, Middle Eastern studies, archaeological expeditions, temple excavation, Babylonian chronicles, ancient Babylonia, cuneiform records, early writing, cultural excavation, historical accounts, Old Testament sites, academic study, Euphrates survey, 19th-century scholars, French archaeologists, ancient myths, cultural influence, biblical sites, Dr. Benzinger, sacred lands, Palestine research, Jerusalem excavation, Biblical events, archaeological surveys, ancient Egypt, Egyptian pyramids, Nile Delta, Memphis pyramids, Thebes tombs, Abydos kings, Naqada tombs, ancient Egyptian cemeteries, Fayum oases, ancient Delta, New Kingdom, ancient Thebes, ancient Fayum, Egyptian culture, El ‘Amarna, Egyptology, Egyptian relics, ancient Nile, royal tombs, Egyptian society, ancient trade routes, archaeological discoveries, Arabian Peninsula, Arabian inscriptions, South Arabia, Arabian history, Arabian culture, ancient Semites, Arabian exploration, biblical Arabia, Arabian tribes, ancient inscriptions, biblical connections, Arabian religion, Assyrian palaces, Arabian studies, Arabian landscapes, Arabian explorers, Arabian artifacts, Arabian Old Testament, ancient inscriptions, Hittite studies, Hittite empire, Hittite language, Hittite relics, Professor Jensen, ancient Hittites, Hittite archaeology, Old Testament studies, religious influence, cultural impact, ancient tribes, cuneiform artifacts, scriptural references, Middle Eastern archaeology, Biblical texts, ancient Hebrews, Mesopotamian research, early explorers, ancient languages, historical Middle East, ancient excavations, ancient Bible lands, academic contributions, historical studies, religious influence, biblical scholarship.

A Manual of the Ancient History of the East to the Commencement of the Median Wars: Comprising the history of the Israelites, Egyptians, Assyrians, and Babylonians Vol 1 -FRANCOIS LENORMANT (Archaic Biblical reading)

J. B. Lippincott & Co, 1869

Phoenician art, intermediate between that of Egypt and Assyria, has been revealed to us, and invaluable treasures have been recovered from the catacombs. Bold explorers, too, have made us acquainted with the traces of all the various nations so closely packed in the narrow territory of Asia Minor. Cyprus with its strange writing and the sculptures of its temples ; Lycia with its peculiar language, its inscriptions, coins, sepulchral grottoes; Phrygia with its great rock, sculptured bas-reliefs, and the tombs of the kings of the family of Midas ; Arabia contributes to science ancient monuments of times anterior to Islamism, texts engraven by pilgi-ims on the rocks of Sinai, and the numerous inscriptions which abound in Yemen. Nor let Persia be forgotten with the remains of its kings, Achaemenid and Sassanian Nor India, where our knowledge has been entirely renewed by the study of the Vedas. But it is not only the length of the coui'se that has been increased, the progress of science has been so great that its domain is now also widely extended. Everywhere, by new routes, enterprising and successful pioneers have pushed their researches, and thrown light into the darkest recesses. Europe in our age takes definite possession of the world. What is true of the events of tlie day, is also true in the region of learning ; science regains possession of the ancient world, and of ages long forgotten. This resuscitation of the earliest epochs of civilisation commenced with Egypt. The hand of Champollion has torn down the veil which concealed mysterious Egypt from our eyes, and has added lustre to the name of France by the greatest discovery of our age. Thanks to him, we have at last the key to the enigma of the Hieroglyphs. And henceforth we may tread boldly on solid and well-known ground, where those who preceded us wandered among swamps and pitfalls. Champollion's discovery has been the starting point for those learned and ingenious researches to which we owe the restoration of Egyptian History. Through the whole extent of the Nile Valley the monuments have been examined, and in reply they have told us all the deeds of the kings who governed Egypt from the most ancient times. Science has penetrated the dark catacombs where sleep the Pharaohs, and has restored to us many dynasties whose only traces were to be found in some mutilated remains of the old historian Manetho. At the commencement of the present century, we knew little beyond the names of a few sovereigns, whose reigns were far apart and connected with but a small number of events, distorted by the statements of credulous Greek travellers, or magnified by national vanity. We now know nearly the whole series of monarchs who reigned over Egypt during more than 4,000 years ( higher today) CONTENTS BOOK I.—PRIMITIVE TIMES. Chap. I. — The Bible Narrative. Section I. The Human Race before the Deluge i ,, II. The Deluge 5 „ III. The Confusion of Tongues 7 Chap. II. — Traditions parallel to the Bible Story. Section I. The Creation. The Fall and the Antediluvian Patriarchs 8 ,, II. The Deluge 13 ,, III. The Cradle^ of Postdiluvian Humanity ig ,, IV. The Tower of Babel 22 Chap. III. — Material Vestiges of Primitive Humanity. Section I. Remains of the Archreolithic Epoch 24 ,, II. Remains of the Neolithic Epoch 30 ,, III. Chronology of these two Epochs 35 ,, IV. Prehistoric Archaeology of the Bible 39 Chap. IV. — Human Races and their Languages. Section I. The Unity of the Human Race and its Varie- ties 48 ,, II. The Four Great Races of Mankind 54 III. The Descendants of Noah according to llie Book of Genesis 57 ,, IV. The Principal Families of Languages 65 ,, V. The Semitic Languages 70 ,, VI. The Indo-European Languages 73 BOOK II.—THE ISRAELITES. Chap. I. — The Patriarchs—The Israelites in Egypt —Moses. Section I. Abraham 79 „ II. Isaac and Jacob 85 ,, III. Joseph in Egypt ... 89 ,, IV. The Israelites in Egypt and the Exodus 91 ,, V. The Israelites at Sinai 96 ,, VI. The Law of Moses 98 „ VII. The Tabernacle 103 ,, VIII. Sojourn in the Desert 105 ,, IX. Conquest of the Country East of the Jordan... 10 ClIAl\ TT. —KSTAHMSHMENT OK THE ISRAELITES IN TLand—The J u hoes. Saliou I. Conquest of llie Land of Canaan—Josluia IIO' ,, IL Period of Repose—l"'irst Serviliulc—Commencement of the Judges 114 ,, in. Ehud, Shamgar, Deboiali, Gideon, Barak ... 1 19, IV. Eli and Sanniel 123 Chap. III.— Kingdom of Israel—Saul, David, Solomon.Section I. Establishment of Royalty—Saul 130,, II. David 136,, III. Solomon 142 Chap. IV.—Separation of the Ten Tribes—Kingdoms OF Israel andJudah—Fall of Samaria and Jeru.salem. Section I. Rchoboam and Jeroboam—Separation of the Ten Tribes 147, II. Disorders and Reverses in the Kingdom ofIsrael 153,, III. Ahab, Jehoshaphat and their Sons 156 ,, IV. The Kingdoms of Judah and Israel from the reign of Athaliah to the death of Azariah... 165,, V. Intervention of the Assyrians in Palestine — Decline of the Kingdom of Israel and Fall of Samaria 171 ,, VI. The Kingdom of Judah from the Capture of Samaria to the Battle of Megiddo 176 VII. Last Days of the Kingdom of Judah —Nebuchadnezzar—Capture of Jerusalem 185 BOOK III.—THE EGYPTIANS. Chap. L—Egypt—The Nile and its Inundations— The Kings of the Old Empire. Section I. Physical Geography of Egypt—The Nile, its Inundations 193,, II. Principal Sources of the History of Egypt ... 195 ,, III. Foundation of the Monarchy—First Dynasties 201 ,, IV. Fourth and Fifth Dynasties—Age of the Great Pyramids 205 „ V. From the Sixth to the Eleventh Dynasty — Temporary Decline of Egyptian Civilisa- tion 210 Chap. II. — The Middle Empire. Section I. Eleventh and Twelfth Dynasties—The Laby- rinth and Lake Moeris 213 ,, II. Thirteenth and Fourteenth Dynasties 217 ,, III. Invasion and Dominion of the Shepherds 219 ,, IV. Expulsion of the Shepherds 223 CiiAr. III. — The Great Conquerors of the New Em- pire—Foreign Influence of Egyi'T. Section I. Eighteenth Dynasty—First Successors of Ahmes—Seventeentli Century n.c 226 ,, II. Continuation of tlic Eighteenth Dynasty — Thothmes III 229 ,, III. Last Kings of the Eighteenth Dynasty—Re- hgious Troubles 236 ,, IV. Commencement of the Nineteenth Dynasty — .Seti I. —Fifteenth Century B.C 240 ,, V. Ramses II. (Sesostris) 245 ,, VI. End of the Nineteenth Dynasty—Foreign Invasions—The Exodus 259 ,, VII. Commencement of the Twentietli Dynasty —Ramses III 264 Chap. IV. —Decline and Fall of the Egyptian Empire. Section I. End of the Twentieth Dynasty—Twenty-first Royal Family 269 ,, II. Twenty- second, Twenty-third and Twenty- fourth rjynasties 273 ,, III. Ethiopian Dynasty 277 ,, IV. The Dodecarchy—The Saite Kings 281 Chap. V. —Civilisation, Manners and Monuments of Egypt. Section I. Social Constitution 289 ,, II. Political Organisation and Administration ... 294 ,, III. Laws 299 ,, IV. Manners and Customs 301 , , V. Writing 302 ,, VI. Literature and Science 307 ,, VII. Religion 317 ,,VIII. Arts 327 , , IX. Principal Monuments 330 BOOK IV.—The ASSYRIANS AND BABYLONIANS. Chap. L—The Primitive Chaldean Empire. Section I. The Tigro-Euphrates Basin 339 ,, II. The Primitive Population of Chalda^a 341 ,, III. Origin of the States of Assyria and Chaldaea —Nimrod—The First Cushite Empire ... 347 ,, IV. Dynasties of the Chalda;an Empire according to Berosus 351 ,, V. Royal Names supplied by the Inscriptions ... 353 ,, VI. Monuments of the Primitive Chaldean Empire 357 ,, VII. Period of Egyptian Preponderance and of the Arab Kings 360 Chap. II. — The First Assyrian Empire. Section I. Foundation of the First Assyrian Empire — Fabulous Stories about that Empire — Ninus and Somiramis 364 ,, II. First Assyrian Dynasty 370 ,, III. First Kings of the UjTiasty of Belelaras Asshurnazirjial 376 ,, IV. From Sliahiianeser IV. to Binlikhish and Samniuramat (Semiramis) 379 V. Asshur-hk-liish or Sardanapalus—Fall of the First Assyrian Empire 384 >> f Chap. III. — The Second Assyrian Empire. Section I. Reign of Phul—Re-establishment of the As- syrian Empire 387 „ II. Sargon 392 ,, III. .Sennacherib 398 , , IV. Esarhaddon and Asshur-bani-pal 404 ,, V. End of the Second Assyrian Empire—Final Fall of Nineveh 415 Chap. IV. — Civilisation, Manners and Monuments of Assyria. Section 1. Political and Social Organisation 417 ,, II. IManners and Customs 426 1— »5 III. Writing 431 IV. Literature and Science /i/|/| V. Religion 452 VI. Arts 456 Chap. V.—The New Chaldean Empire. Section I. Survey of the History of Babylon under the Supremacy of the Assyrians 468 ,, II. Nabopolassar 472 ,, III. Nebuchadnezzar 476 V. The Successors of Nebuchadnezzar—Fall of the Babylonian Empire 4S7 J5 Chap. VI. — Manners and Religion of Babylon. Section I. Manners 492 ,, 11. The Caste of the Chaldceans 493 ,, III. Commerce of Babylon 495 ,, IV. Religion 497 ,, V. Cosmogony 500 „ VL Arts 505 Index 509 List of Scripture Texts Quoted 533 List OF Passages from Herodotus Quoted 535

Reconstructing Ancient Israel: Integrating Macro- and Micro-archaeology, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Israel, Vol 1 (2012), pp. 133-150

The History of Ancient Israel and Judah

Journal for The Study of The Old Testament, 1987

Prophetic Discourse on „Israel“, in: Zev I. Farber / Jacob Wright (eds.), Archaeology and History of the Eighth-Century Judah, Ancient Near East Monographs 23, Atlanta: SBL Press, 2018, 503–515.

2018

Review of The Ancient Israelite World, edited by Kyle H. Keimer and George A. Pierce (2023).

In: BASOR 391 (2024), 238-242.

Archaeology and the Religion of Israel

Penn State University Press eBooks, 2002

Sixty-five years have elapsed since the original publication of this influential work. In spite of the many advances and discoveries that have occurred in the field during this time span, this work remains surprisingly somewhat relevant, particularly as an introduction to a way of investigating the past that was dominate in the United States for decades. Th is volume, which is a reprint of the fifth edition of Archaeology and the Religion of Israel published in 1968, is greatly enhanced for contemporary readers by the introduction with hundreds of updated citations by Th eodore J. Lewis (p. xlviii). While situating Albright in his historical context, Lewis displays Albright's affinity for the "history of religions" approach to biblical studies. "Th e methodology of this approach was comparative: to understand the Bible and its religion in light of much earlier cognate texts, especially those coming from Mesopotamia. . ." (p. xvii). Lewis also discusses how Albright argued "for an early date of monotheism (associated with the historical Moses)," and was engaged in "fighting the German source-critical consensus on the academic battlefield" (p. xviii) without completely rejecting source criticism. In fact, Albright was critical of those who did (p. xix). Lewis stresses that Albright utilized an "informed critical approach" and emphasized a typological method in archaeology (pp. xix-xxii). After Lewis lays out some of Albright's theological presuppositions, one sees more clearly the emphasis in his work on the uniqueness of Israel, his great appreciation for the Hebrew Bible with its beauty and morality, and the common practice in his day of "demonizing the Canaanites" (p. xxix). His "overarching purpose was to reconstruct the culture and intellectual history of the ancient Near East in a way that would highlight biblical religion as its crowning achievement." (p. xxii). Lewis concludes with a section on how the field has evolved since the last edition of the book, including brief discussions on child sacrifice, sexual depravity, divination and prophecy, death and afterlife, and sacrifice and blood. Chapter one is surprisingly an integration of psychology and biblical studies. Entitled "Archaeology and the Ancient Near-Eastern Mind," this is perhaps the least helpful chapter of the volume. Chapter two, the "Archeological Background of Old Testament Religion" is broken down into two main sections. Th e first section is a helpful examination of different geographical regions and related archaeological findings: Syria and Palestine, Mesopotamia and Persia, Egypt and Ethiopia, Asia Minor (Hittites), Arabia, and Cyprus and the Aegean (pp. 37-59).